CCM: Current situation of rice and wheat pests' resistance to drugs 08-16-2016

In 2015, the National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center (NATESC) organised 60 monitoring sites to monitor the resistance to drugs of 13 major pests such as rice plant hopper, Chilo suppressalis Walker, wheat head blight, cotton bollworm, cotton aphid and diamondback moth.



Source: Baidu


These monitoring sites are in 20 provinces (districts and cities) such as Beijing, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong provinces. In addition, corresponding monitoring results, countermeasures and suggestions were also released. Here CCM summarizes the rice and wheat pests and their resistance to drugs.


1. Rice pests' resistance to drugs


(1) Nilaparvata lugens


Monitoring results of Nilaparvata lugens:


- Resistance to neonicotinoid pesticides


At present, all populations of Nilaparvata lugens in monitored areas have developed high-level resistance to imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid pesticide of the 1st generation, and the resistance multiples are all over 1,000 times. They have also developed high-level resistance to thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid pesticide of the 2nd generation, and the resistance multiples are all over 200 times.


However, they are in sensitive to low-level resistance to nitenpyram and the resistance multiples are 1.6–8 times. Their resistance to dinotefuran, a neonicotinoid pesticide of the 3rd generation, is in an intermediate level and the resistance multiples are 11–48 times. Results of field experiments in various areas showed that the control effect of thiamethoxam (conventional dose) on Nilaparvata lugens reduced and ten days after the use of it, its control effect was only 40%–60%.


- Resistance to organophosphorus pesticides


Now, all populations of Nilaparvata lugens in monitored areas have developed intermediate-level resistance to chlorpyrifos and the resistance multiples are 10–64 times. Compared with 2014, the resistance has an obvious upward tendency, rising from a low level to an intermediate level. Results of field experiments in various areas showed that ten days after the use ofchlorpyrifos (conventional dose), its control effect on Nilaparvata lugens was only 50%–60%.


- Resistance to insect growth regulator pesticides


Currently, all populations of Nilaparvata lugens in monitored areas have a high-level resistance to buprofezin and the resistance multiples are more than 200 times. There is a considerable increase compared with 2014. For example, resistance multiples of populations in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province have increased from 84 times in 2014 to 1,324 times in 2015, up by 14 times.


According to results of field experiments in various areas, the control effect of buprofezin (conventional dose) on Nilaparvata lugens reduced and it was only 40%–50% ten days after using buprofezin.


- Resistance to pymetrozine


In areas such as Jiangsu Province and Fujian Province, the resistance of populations of Nilaparvata lugens to pymetrozine is in an intermediate level and the resistance multiples are 58–67 times. In areas such as Zhejiang Province, Hubei Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the resistance is in a high level and the resistance multiples are 160–302 times.


According to the Plant Protection and Quarantine Bureau of Zhejiang Province, compared with previous years, the control effect of pymetrozine (conventional dose) on Nilaparvata lugens reduced and it was only 71% ten days after using the pymetrozine.


Countermeasures and suggestions:


According to the monitoring results at present, Nilaparvata lugens has generated varying degrees of resistance to various pesticides. Therefore, in the control process of Nilaparvata lugens, pesticides with different mechanisms of action and without cross resistance should be alternately used between emigration regions and immigration regions, and between up and down generations in the same region.


Continuously using a single pesticide should be avoided. Considering that Nilaparvata lugens now has a high-level resistance to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and buprofezin, it is suggested that each rice region suspends using these pesticides. In addition, times of using pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos to control Nilaparvata lugens should be strictly limited and it would be best to use once for each season of rice. New pesticides such as nitenpyram, dinotefuran and sulfoxaflor should be alternately used so as to delay the development of resistance to drugs of Nilaparvata lugens.




(2) Sogatella furcifera


Monitoring results of Sogatella furcifera, countermeasures and suggestions


Now, populations of Sogatella furcifera in monitored areas have an intermediate to high level resistance to buprofezin with resistance multiples of 34–192 times. Their resistance to chlorpyrifos is in an intermediate level with resistance multiples of 18–50 times. And their resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam is in a sensitive level. Compared with 2014, the overall resistance level of Sogatella furcifera various pesticides changed very little.


Considering that Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens often occur at the same time and Nilaparvata lugens has generated a high-level resistance to buprofezin, it is suggested that each rice region suspends using buprofezin to control Sogatella furcifera so as to slow its development of resistance to drugs. Meanwhile, the resistance monitoring of neonicotinoid pesticides such as imidacloprid and thiamethoxam should be strengthened.


(3) Laodelphax striatellus


Monitoring results of Laodelphax striatellus, countermeasures and suggestions


In the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Zhejiang Province, etc.), resistance of populations of Laodelphax striatellus to thiamethoxam and nitenpyram is in a sensitive state. Most of them are also in a sensitive state to nitenpyram, but in Gaochun District, Jiangsu Province, populations have a low-level resistance to nitenpyram with a resistance multiple of six times.


Their resistance to chlorpyrifos is in an intermediate level and the resistance multiples are 12–67. In the future, times of using chlorpyrifos should be limited, and it should be alternately used together with other pesticides with different mechanisms of action so as to delay its continuous development of resistance.

  

This article comes from Insecticides China News 1605, CCM

 



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Tag: pesticide  wheat  rice

 

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